Sunday, August 14, 2011

Hack Into online Cameras

For This you just have to Do Simple Google Hacking For This.


Many Cameras like Axis, Canon, Sony.. have a content inurl:indexFrame.shtml Axis 
This is pre-programmed in these type of Cameras


Just Click on these Links To Access Various Devices.


intitle:”View and Configure PhaserLink” 


inurl:”ViewerFrame?Mode=” 


intitle:snc-z20 inurl:home/ 


intitle:”Live View / – AXIS” 


inurl:netw_tcp.shtml


intitle:”Live NetSnap Cam-Server feed” 


allinurl:index.htm?cus?audio 


(cam1java)|(cam2java)|(cam3java)|(cam4java)|(cam5java)|(cam6java) -navy.mil -backflip -power.ne.jp 



intitle:”AXIS 240 Camera Server” intext:”server push” -help 


 intitle:Axis inurl:”/admin/admin.shtml” 


Ther are a Lot of Tricks For This You have to learn Google hacking


To Learn google hacking Download This E-Book. Google Hacking for Penetration Testers, Vol. 2.pdf


SITE DIGGER

Web Site Digger, is A coll Tool.. WIth Which You can dig nto the websites data base.. but at your own risk.. 
But before you use this you must use ip adress proxy so that your original ip adress is secured.. For Proxy you can download HOT SPOT SHIELD and then use site digger but still there are some threats...


With this you cam dig out passwords.. hidden documents... files,, invisible pages.. etc
And More you use more u get...


DOWNLOAD SITE DIGGER


Friday, August 5, 2011

Game For Hackers

Game For Hackers


This is a Simple Game For Those Who Love to Hack.. or who all wants to learn Hacking..
This games seems to be easy at a first Go.. Those who all thinks that They Can Do Hacking This Game Will Prove Them Wrong As It Did To Me... I being A certified Cyber Security Expert Still not able to Complete This Game. .So M On The Go.. 
Hope You All Like This Game...




Download This Game


Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Manually Hide any file in JPEG

Hello Friends, today i will explain you how to hide any file behind the JPEG image manually that is without any software. Its a very easy trick and also very useful if you want to send information secretly to your friend. Also its different from stenography as it does hides text behind images or text behind mp3 files. Its universal, you can hide any file, virus or Trojan or anything behind image using this trick


Things that you will need for this trick:
1. Winrar installed on your system.
2. Little knowledge of command prompt.


Steps to Hide any File behind JPEG image Manually
1. Create an folder into C drive (recommendation is that use this C:\Hidden).

2. Now gather all files that you want to hide in this folder.

3. Now add these all files to compressed .rar file using winrar 
(example myhiddenfiles.rar ).
Note: This rar file should be in the same directory (i.e. C:\Hidden)

4. Now Select the JPEG file that you want to use to hide the above content 
(say myimage.jpg). Put this image file also in the same folder that is in C:\Hidden

5. Now, open Command Prompt (Go to Run and type ‘cmd‘). Make your working directory C:\hidden.
  (When you open CMD you will get like C:\Documents and settings\username (something like this)
 Now type cd.. and press enter and then again type cd.. and press enter. Now you have something like this in cmd  C:\   . Now in front of that type cd "Hidden"  and press enter. )

6. Now type: “COPY /b myimage.jpg + myhiddenfiles.rar outputimage.jpg” (without quotes) - Now, myimage.jpg is the picture you want to show, myhiddenfiles.rar is the file to be hidden, and outputimage.jpg is the file which contains both....

7. Now, after you have done this, you will see a file output.jpg in C:\hidden. Open it (double-click) and it will show the picture you wanted to show. Now try opening the same file with WinRAR, it will show the hidden archive...

This hack will help us to hide things behind the JPG file without any software. i hope you all have liked it. For more such hacks keep visiting.


Download BackTrack ( Hackers Platform)

Download BackTrack 5


How to download BackTrack 5
Download BackTrack 5 directly
Download BackTrack 5 from Mirror - Download BackTrack 5 Torrent

Name:     BT5-KDE-32.torrent
   
Size:           1840
   
Flavor:        KDE
   
Arch:          32 bit
   
Image:       ISO
   
Download BackTrack 5 KDE-32Bit  From Here  :     Torrent
   
MD5:     4150643026d292717f77ebb83948a034

     

=================

Name:     BT5-KDE-64.torrent
   
Size:            1800
   
Flavor:         KDE
   
Arch:           64 bit
   
Image:         ISO
   
Download BackTrack 5 KDE-64Bit From here :     Torrent
   
MD5:     80d65610de90ac7ede49b9f7935dfdd2

     

==================


Name:     BT5-GNOME-32.torrent
   
Size:                  1910
   
Flavor:              GNOME
   
Arch:                 32 bit
   
Image:               ISO
   
Download BackTrack 5 Gnome-32Bit From Here :       Torrent
   
MD5:                 b01a93a916fabb6d1640bd0054428e17


============================================

Name:              BT5-GNOME-64.torrent
   
Size:                1870
   
Flavor:            GNOME
   
Arch:               64 bit
   
Image:             ISO
   
Download BackTrack 5 Gnome-64Bit From Here:     Torrent
   
MD5:                75c4e7a969abc873d9e085656b156345
 


Monday, August 1, 2011

Crack Winrar Passwords

Crack Winrar Passwords

Hi folks,its been a long time since I have posted some thing technical,so I will be writing about the challenge I got at NIT KU, where I reverse engineered WinRAR 3.80 using a disassembler and will tell you the same here. Furthermore, major software are analysed using the same way,but just get a bit complex in the methodology. This tutorial is intended for those who are new to reverse engineering and disassembling.

The Tools
To perform this hack you will be needing -
  1. Any De-assembler (I use Hackers Disassembler and Hview )
  2. Resource Hacker
  3. A patch Creator ( Use Universal Patch Creator or Code fusion)
You Can Find Them On Google
How to Reverse Engineer?
You need to have a bit knowledge of assembly language,and in case you don't have it,just cram the steps and it will work anytime,every time. Download the latest version of WinRAR from their website and install it.
I will be cracking Winrar 3.80 here (cuz I already have it:P ). This is basically a 2 step process
  
Step 1 – Hunting for Memory Address
Now load Hackers Disasembler and load the copy in it.


The Disassembler will disassemble the executable in assembly code. Now you need to search for strings that are used in WinRAR program. Press Ctrl + F and type “evaluation” without quotes and search in the assembly code. Hit enter.. 



After you have reached this block of code by searching, just look at the block of code above it. There you will find that some assembly values are being compared and then code is jumped to some other function. Now see carefully, the “evaluation copy” function must be invoked after some specific condition is met. We need to look for it at the code and the make certain changes to the condition so that the program doesn't checks for the condition. 

 
In the above code you can see this code -
00444B6A: 803DF4B84B0000 cmp byte ptr [004BB8F4], 00
00444B71: 0F859B000000 JNE 00444C12
This is the code responsible for validating you as a legal user :) . Just note down the memory address that leads to jump (JNE) at some memory location. In this case, note down 00444B71 .
Note : For any WinRAR version, this code and memory address might be different,but the JNE will be same. Just note down the respective memory address that checks.
Now you need to search for the code that brings that ugly nag screen “Please purchase WinRAR license” after your trial period of 40 days is over. For this,look over your toolbar and click on “D” which stands for looking for Dialog references.


Now in the dialog box that opens,search for “please” and you will get the reference as -
ID-REMINDER, “Please purchase WinRAR license”

Double click on it and you will reach the subsequent code.

 The code will be something like
* String: “REMINDER”
0048731A: 68EB5E4B00 push 004B5EEB
Just note the memory address that invokes the REMINDER dialog. In this case its0048731A. Note it down.
Note : For any WinRAR version, this code and memory address might be different.But the Reminder Memory address code will always PUSH something. Just note down the respective memory address that PUSH ‘s.

Step 2 – Fixing and Patching
Now in this step we will be patching up values of memory addresses we noted earlier. I will be doing this using HVIEW.
Now load the copy you disassembled in Hacker’s Disassembler in Hview.

After you have loaded it, you will see the code is unreadable. Its just like opening an EXE file in notepad. You need to decode it. To do that, just press F4 and yoiu will get an option to decode it. Hit DECODE and you will be able to see code in the form of assembly code and memory addresses.

 After you have done that, you need to search for memory addresses you noted down earlier. Just hit F5 and a search box will be there. Now you need to enter the memory address. To do that, enter a “.” and the type memory address neglecting the earlier “00” . The “.” will suffice for “00”. ie -
Type .444B71 in place of 00444B71


and search in the code.


After you have reached the respective code, you need to make changes to it. Press F3 and you will be able to edit the code.Now make the following changes -

Change the values- www.theprohack.com
After you have done it, save it by pressing F9.
Now search for next memory location by pressing F5 and entering it. Reach there and make the following changes by pressing F3 -

Offset patching - www.theprohack.com

Save the changes by pressing F9 and exit HVIEW by pressing F10.
Congrats..You have cracked WinRAR :) Replace the original WinRAR.exe with this copyofwinrar.exe by renaming it. It will work 100% fine :P

Step 3 – Spicing up the EXE
Now U have a 100% working version of EXE, you might want to change your registration information in WinRAR. TO do this, you can use Resource hacker
.

We need to change registration info - www.theprohack.com

Launch Resource Hacker, load the copyofwinrar.exe in it

Use resource hacker and open the file - www.theprohack.com

Now go to DIALOG –> Expand tree –> ABOUTRARDLG and click it. Now Find Trial copy line and replace it with your favorite one :P
make changes and compile them - www.theprohack.com

and click on Compile Script button.
yup..thats the final result - www.theprohack.com

Now save the file with any name on your desktop or any location what so ever.

save your exe - www.theprohack.com

Now you have a fully patched WinRAR.exe file :)) . If you want to learn that, move on to next step.

Step 4 – Creating a working Patch (or giving Professional touch :P )
I will be using diablo2oo2's Universal Patcher (UPE) for creating the patch. The patch will work like any authentic one for that WinRAR version. Just like the one U downloaded at anytime of your life from any Crack and Keygen website.
Launch Patch Creator and click on add new project. Enter project Information and click on save.


Launch the patcher and setup it - www.theprohack.com

Click on Add – ; Offset patch


Create Offset patch - www.theprohack.com

After you have done that, double click on offset patch and then 
  1. Give path of original winrar.exe
  2. Give path of unmodified Winrar.exe (again)
  3. Give path for fully patched Winrar.exe (ie Cracked Winrar.exe in this case)
  4. Click on compare and it will show difference between both files
  5. Click on save.
Compare executables - www.theprohack.com
Now in the next window, click on Create Patch and save it. The Patch will be created. Now copy it in WinRAR installation directory and hit on patch, it WILL work.

Create your patch - www.theprohack.com

Congrats you have created a patch of your own and have learned to reverse engineer WinRAR :)

Run the patch and it will work :) - www.theprohack.com

You can crack other software in the same way…just practice,debug and disassemble and you will get the way :)


Sunday, July 31, 2011

Gather A WebSites Information

Gather A WebSites Information


1. Goto WebSite http://www.whois.com







Thursday, July 14, 2011

How To Get The IP Address Of Any Computer Remotely

How To Get The IP Address Of Any Computer Remotely

Hello friends, today i will explain you how to get IP address of any computer remotely. Using some very basic tricks we can find the IP address of any remote computer and then you can start your further hacking into the remote system like port scanning and finding vulnerabilities to enter in to the system and hack it. There are several methods to get an IP address of the victim but i will share few and specially the best one’s that can tell you IP address in just few clicks and also all are free methods and special thing is about it is all are manual methods that means you did not require any tool.

4 ways to get the IP address of the Victim or another Computer:

1. Using PHP notification Script
2. Using Blogs and Websites
3. Using Read Notify service
4. Sniffing during Gmail and Yahoo chat sessions
As we are here to learn concepts so i will first explain what is an IP address and what’s its importance. So friends very basic question What is an IP address? Why its important for hackers and security professionals?

What is an IP address? 

Basically IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numerical value that is assigned to any computer or printer on a computer network that uses an internet protocol for communication purpose. Protocol is basically rules( for Network its rules for communication).
IP address serves for two basic purposes:
1. Host or network interface identification
2. Location Addressing
For exploring more about IP addressing read on wikipedia.

How to Find IP address of another computer?

1. Using PHP notification Script
Using this Notification script you can get the IP address in just seconds. Steps of using this PHP script:
a. Download the PHP notify script and extract files.

Download here

b. Now you will get two files IP.html and index.php . You need to upload these two files to any free web hosting server.
Example: i used www.my3gb.com to upload these two files. Create an account there and upload these two files there.
c. Now you will need to send the link of index.php to the victim whose password you want to get. to get the link click on index.php shown in above snapshot. Now a new window will open copy the link in the address bar and send to the victim whose IP address you want.
d. Now when the victim opens the above link nothing will open but his Ip address is written into the ip.html file. So open the ip.html file to get his IP address.
e. That’s all this method… I hope you liked it.
2. Using Blogs and Websites

This method is for those who have their blogs or websites. Normal users can also do this as blog is free to make. Make a new blog and use any stats service like histats or any other stats widget. Just add a new widget and put histats code there and save template. And send the link of your blog to your friend and get his IP.
That’s only.
3. Using Read Notify service
This is an email based service. Steps to use Read Notify service:
a. First open the Read Notify website : RCPT
b. Now register on this website and then it will send you confirmation mail. Verify your account.
c. Once your account is activated.
Do the following steps use this service:
  1. Compose your email just like you usually would in your own email or web email program
  2. Type:   .readnotify.com   on the end of your recipients email address (don’t worry, that gets removed before your recipients receive the email). Like this: hackersfind@gmail.com .readnotify.com
  3. Send your email
Some things to remember:
  • don’t send to and from the same computer
  • if your email program ‘auto-completes’ email addresses from your address book, you’ll need to keep typing over the top of the auto-completed one to add the .readnotify.com
  • if you are cc-ing your email to other readers, you must add tracking to all of them
4.  Sniffing Yahoo and Gmail Chat sessions
With the help of Sniffers like ethereal, wireshark etc we can sniff the Gmail, and yahoo chat sessions while we are chatiing to any our friend and extract the IP address from there. I will explain this trick in detail in my next article as its a long article in itself.
5. Bonus Method for Online Gamers
We can also get the IP address from online games like counter strike, age of empires in Game ranger etc.. Many counter strike servers use amx mode. Just view which people are connecting and whats their IP addess as plugins show the IP address of people connecting to the game server.  If you have more access to counter strike server you can use status command in console. Just go to console and type “status”(without quotes) and press enter there you can see all players details his steam ID and much more depending upon server.

 


All keyboard Shortcuts

All keyboard Shortcuts

  • Shift + F10 right-clicks.
  • Win + L (XP Only): Locks keyboard. Similar to Lock Workstation.
  • Win + F or F3: Open Find dialog. (All Files) F3 may not work in some applications which use F3 for their own find dialogs.
  • Win + Control + F: Open Find dialog. (Computers)
  • Win + U: Open Utility Manager.
  • Win + F1: Open Windows help.
  • Win + Pause: Open System Properties dialog.
  • Win + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons. Enter clicks, AppsKey or Shift + F10 right-clicks.
  • Win + Shift + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons in reverse.
  • Alt + Tab: Display Cool Switch. More commonly known as the AltTab dialog.
  • Alt + Shift + Tab: Display Cool Switch; go in reverse.
  • Alt + Escape: Send active window to the bottom of the z-order.
  • Alt + Shift + Escape: Activate the window at the bottom of the z-order.
  • Alt + F4: Close active window; or, if all windows are closed, open shutdown dialog.
    • Shift while a CD is loading: Bypass AutoPlay.
    • Shift while login: Bypass startup folder. Only those applications will be ignored which are in the startup folder, not those started from the registry (Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\)
    • Ctrl + Alt + Delete or Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDel (Both NumLock states): Invoke the Task Manager or NT Security dialog.
    • Ctrl + Shift + Escape (2000/XP ) or (Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDot) : Invoke the task manager. On earlier OSes, acts like Ctrl + Escape.
    • Print screen: Copy screenshot of current screen to clipboard.
    • Alt + Print screen: Copy screenshot of current active window to clipboard.
    • Ctrl + Alt + Down Arrow: Invert screen. Untested on OS’s other than XP.
    • Ctrl + Alt + Up Arrow: Undo inversion.
    • Win + B : Move focus to systray icons.

    General

    • Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy.
    • Ctrl + X or Shift + Delete: Cut.
    • Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste/Move.
    • Ctrl + N: New… File, Tab, Entry, etc.
    • Ctrl + S: Save.
    • Ctrl + O: Open…
    • Ctrl + P: Print.
    • Ctrl + Z: Undo.
    • Ctrl + A: Select all.
    • Ctrl + F: Find…
    • Ctrl+W : to close the current window
    • Ctrl + F4: Close tab or child window.
    • F1: Open help.
    • F11: Toggle full screen mode.
    • Alt or F10: Activate menu bar.
    • Alt + Space: Display system menu. Same as clicking the icon on the titlebar.
    • Escape: Remove focus from current control/menu, or close dialog box.


    General Navigation

    • Tab: Forward one item.
    • Shift + Tab: Backward one item.
    • Ctrl + Tab: Cycle through tabs/child windows.
    • Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Cycle backwards through tabs/child windows.
    • Enter: If a button’s selected, click it, otherwise, click default button.
    • Space: Toggle items such as radio buttons or checkboxes.
    • Alt + (Letter): Activate item corresponding to (Letter). (Letter) is the underlined letter on the item’s name.
    • Ctrl + Left: Move cursor to the beginning of previous word.
    • Ctrl + Right: Move cursor to the beginning of next word.
    • Ctrl + Up: Move cursor to beginning of previous paragraph. This and all subsequent Up/Down hotkeys in this section have only been known to work in Rich Edit controls.
    • Ctrl + Down: Move cursor to beginning of next paragraph.
    • Shift + Left: Highlight one character to the left.
    • Shift + Right: Highlight one character to the right.
    • Shift + Up: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line up.
    • Shift + Down: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line down.
    • Ctrl + Shift + Left: Highlight to beginning of previous word.
    • Ctrl + Shift + Right: Highlight to beginning of next word.
    • Ctrl + Shift + Up: Highlight to beginning of previous paragraph.
    • Ctrl + Shift + Down: Highlight to beginning of next paragraph.
    • Home: Move cursor to top of a scrollable control.
    • End: Move cursor to bottom of a scrollable control.


    File Browser

    • Arrow Keys: Navigate.
    • Shift + Arrow Keys: Select multiple items.
    • Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Change focus without changing selection. “Focus” is the object that will run on Enter. Space toggles selection of the focused item.
    • (Letter): Select first found item that begins with (Letter).
    • BackSpace: Go up one level to the parent directory.
    • Alt + Left: Go back one folder.
    • Alt + Right: Go forward one folder.
    • Enter: Activate (Double-click) selected item(s).
    • Alt + Enter: View properties for selected item.
    • F2: Rename selected item(s).
    • Ctrl + NumpadPlus: In a Details view, resizes all columns to fit the longest item in each one.
    • Delete: Delete selected item(s).
    • Shift + Delete: Delete selected item(s); bypass Recycle Bin.
    • Ctrl while dragging item(s): Copy.
    • Ctrl + Shift while dragging item(s): Create shortcut(s).
    • In tree pane, if any:
    • Left: Collapse the current selection if expanded, or select the parent folder.
    • Right: Expand the current selection if collapsed, or select the first subfolder.
    • Numpad Asterisk: Expand currently selected directory and all subdirectories. No undo.
    • Numpad Plus: Expand currently selected directory.
    • Numpad Minus: Collapse currently selected directory.


    Accessibility

    • Right Shift for eight seconds: Toggle FilterKeys on and off. FilterKeys must be enabled.
    • Left Alt + Left Shift + PrintScreen: Toggle High Contrast on and off. High Contrast must be enabled.
    • Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock: Toggle MouseKeys on and off. MouseKeys must be enabled.
    • NumLock for five seconds: Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys must be enabled.
    • Shift five times: Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be enabled.
    • 6.) Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed
    • Win + L: Log off Windows.
    • Win + P: Open Print Manager.
    • Win + C: Open control panel.
    • Win + V: Open clipboard.
    • Win + K: Open keyboard properties.
    • Win + I: Open mouse properties.
    • Win + A: Open Accessibility properties.
    • Win + Space: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys.
    • Win + S: Toggle CapsLock on and off.

    Remote Desktop Connection Navigation


    • Ctrl + Alt + End: Open the NT Security dialog.
    • Alt + PageUp: Switch between programs.
    • Alt + PageDown: Switch between programs in reverse.
    • Alt + Insert: Cycle through the programs in most recently used order.
    • Alt + Home: Display start menu.
    • Ctrl + Alt + Break: Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen.
    • Alt + Delete: Display the Windows menu.
    • Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus: Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen on a local computer.
    • Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus: Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a local computer.

    Mozilla Firefox Shortcuts

    • Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown: Cycle through tabs.
    • Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + PageUp: Cycle through tabs in reverse.
    • Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to tab corresponding to number.
    • Ctrl + N: New window.
    • Ctrl + T: New tab.
    • Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6: Switch focus to location bar.
    • Ctrl + Enter: Open location in new tab.
    • Shift + Enter: Open location in new window.
    • Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Switch focus to search bar.
    • Ctrl + O: Open a local file.
    • Ctrl + W: Close tab, or window if there’s only one tab open.
    • Ctrl + Shift + W: Close window.
    • Ctrl + S: Save page as a local file.
    • Ctrl + P: Print page.
    • Ctrl + F or F3: Open find toolbar.
    • Ctrl + G or F3: Find next…
    • Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3: Find previous…
    • Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I: Open Bookmarks sidebar.
    • Ctrl + H: Open History sidebar.
    • Escape: Stop loading page.
    • Ctrl + R or F5: Reload current page.
    • Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5: Reload current page; bypass cache.
    • Ctrl + U: View page source.
    • Ctrl + D: Bookmark current page.
    • Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl + Equals (+/=): Increase text size.
    • Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl + Minus: Decrease text size.
    • Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0: Set text size to default.
    • Alt + Left or Backspace: Back.
    • Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace: Forward.
    • Alt + Home: Open home page.
    • Ctrl + M: Open new message in integrated mail client.
    • Ctrl + J: Open Downloads dialog.
    • F6: Switch to next frame. You must have selected something on the page already, e.g. by use of Tab.
    • Shift + F6: Switch to previous frame.
    • Apostrophe (‘): Find link as you type.
    • Slash (/): Find text as you type.

    Gmail Shortcuts

    • Note: Must have “keyboard shortcuts” on in settings.
    • C: Compose new message.
    • Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.
    • Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.
    • K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or “O” opens focused email.
    • J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.
    • N: Switch focus to the next message in the “conversation.” Enter or “O” expands/collapses messages.
    • P: Switch focus to the previous message.
    • U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.
    • Y: Various actions depending on current view:
    • Has no effect in “Sent” and “All Mail” views.
    • Inbox: Archive email or message.
    • Starred: Unstar email or message.
    • Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to “Inbox.”
    • Trash: Move back to “Inbox.”
    • Any label: Remove the label.
    • X: “Check” an email. Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.
    • S: “Star” an email. Identical to the more familiar term, “flagging.”
    • R: Reply to the email.
    • A: Reply to all recipients of the email.
    • F: Forward an email.
    • Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.
    • Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.
    • Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.
    • Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.
    • G then I: Switch to “Inbox” view.
    • G then S: Switch to “Starred” view.
    • G then A: Switch to “All Mail” view.
    • G then C: Switch to “Contacts” view.
    • G then S: Switch to “Drafts” view.

    List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt


    • F1 / right arrow: Repeats the letters of the last command line, one by one.
    • F2: Displays a dialog asking user to “enter the char to copy up to” of the last command line
    • F3: Repeats the last command line
    • F4: Displays a dialog asking user to “enter the char to delete up to” of the last command line
    • F5: Goes back one command line
    • F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)
    • F7: Displays a menu with the command line history
    • F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)
    • F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line entered.
    • Alt+Enter: toggle full Screen mode.
    • up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries
    • Esc: delete line
    • Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.
    Helpful accessibility keyboard shortcuts
    • Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
    • Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN
    • Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
    • Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
    • Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds


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